HIV and TB infections remain among the most significant public health challenges globally, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. HIV and TB create a deadly combination, each accelerating the progression of the other. Yet, the national trend shows sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) and TB treatment retention, particularly in co-infected people.

This study aimed to explore factors influencing adherence to concurrent ART and TB treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are co-infected with TB in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in North West province, where integrated HIV/TB care services are freely available.

A qualitative study was conducted at Park Street Clinic. A purposive sample of 10 participants aged 18 years and older who were on both ART and TB treatment was interviewed. Data was analysed using thematic analysis guided by the Health Belief Model. The findings revealed that adherence to ART and TB treatment is influenced by various interrelated factors. While family support emerged as a facilitator of adherence, socio-economic challenges and stigma were identified as significant barriers.

The study concluded that adherence is a complex behavioural issue shaped by both individual and structural determinants. Recommendations include strengthening psychosocial support, reducing pill burden and addressing socio-economic barriers through integrated patient-centred interventions.