Adolescents in South Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV/Aids due to behavioural, structural and social determinants. This demographic is at an essential stage of development, characterised by social pressure, increased independence and exposure to risks, therefore it is a priority for targeted interventions. The uMgungundlovu district records among the highest prevalence of HIV infections among adolescents. Persistent knowledge gaps, limited access to reproductive services and enduring stigma underscore the urgency for context-specific insight into adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) towards HIV/Aids.

The study examined the KAPs in two secondary schools – one in a rural area and one in an urban area. A qualitative research design was used to examine the adolescents’ level of understanding regarding the transmission, social implications, treatment and prevention of HIV/Aids. Data was collected through individual interviews using semi-structured questions.

The study findings revealed that most of the study participants had adequate knowledge on HIV/Aids-related issues. There are gaps in understanding the more complex problems, such as long-term social and emotional consequences. The findings also revealed misconceptions about transmission, including that the virus can be transmitted through mosquito bites and casual contact. The participants’ attitude towards engaging in discussions on HIV/Aids varied and was influenced by discomfort and cultural sensitivity.

The study recommends expanded community awareness campaigns, adolescent-friendly healthcare services, improved access to antiretroviral therapy, peer support networks and public-private collaboration to enhance HIV/Aids education and prevention.